End Colloquium Matea Shumkovska

A comparison between a Eurocode-designed waffle slab and three variants of a stress-guided ribbed slab whose ribs follow principal stress lines. Using 3D-printed void modules as stay-in-place formwork, three fabrication approaches are evaluated, and efficiency is quantified in terms of production time and environmental impact. The findings show how digital design and additive manufacturing can shift stress-guided optimization to practical application.